Advertising/Browser Identity
It's also possible to detect what browser and operating system you're are using. This is a broad identification in many cases but if you have a weird setup such as Konqueror on Arch Linux, that can put you in a small bucket with only a few other users.
There is also a sneaky way the advertisers can track you by detecting what GPU you are using. This attack is called "canvas fingerprinting" as it uses the "canvas" feature of HTML5.
However the Tor Browser has mitigations on browser identification. Tor browser is a Firefox variant configured to only use Tor and not connect to websites directly.
Another out of the box solution is Tails, which is a Linux operating system designed around Tor and Firefox to browse the web safely. The operating system is configured to only use Tor for all internet connections, not just the web-browser. However, some public wifi's have a router setup that will block all internet connections until you enter an email address or agree to some terms, so there is a insecure web browser installed in Tails meant only to be used in that scenario.
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